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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Published on: January 10, 2017

Electron Transport Layer Optimization for Efficient PTB7:PC₇₀BM Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells.

Syed Abdul Moiz¹, Mohammed Saleh Alzahrani¹, Ahmed N M Alahmadi¹

¹Device Simulation Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.

|September 9, 2022

Summary

Novel polymer solar cells using different electron transport layers achieved high power conversion efficiency. The zinc oxysulfide layer resulted in the best performance for bulk-heterojunction solar cells.

Keywords:

ITO PCBM PEDOT:PSS PFN-Br PTB7 SCAPS-1D Zn(O,S)ZnSe bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cell

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Last Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

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Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Published on: January 29, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy
Organic Electronics

Background:

Bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells are investigated for enhanced photovoltaic applications.
Achieving higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) is a key goal in solar cell development.
Electron transport layers (ETLs) play a crucial role in optimizing solar cell performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and evaluate novel polymer BHJ solar cells with various ETLs.
To investigate the impact of different ETL materials on photovoltaic performance.
To optimize device architecture for maximum power conversion efficiency.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of polymer BHJ solar cells with the structure ITO/ETL/PTB7:PC70BM/PEDOT:PSS/Au.
Utilizing zinc oxysulfide (Zn(O,S)), zinc selenide (ZnSe), and PFN-Br as ETLs.
Device optimization and photovoltaic response simulation using SCAPS-1D software.

Main Results:

The ITO/Zn(O,S)/PTB7:PC70BM/PEDOT:PSS/Au device demonstrated the highest PCE of 17.15%.
This optimized device achieved an open-circuit voltage of 0.85 V, a short-circuit current of 28.23 mA/cm², and a fill factor of 70.69%.
Zn(O,S) exhibited superior performance compared to ZnSe and PFN-Br ETLs.

Conclusions:

Zinc oxysulfide is a promising ETL material for high-efficiency polymer BHJ solar cells.
Optimized ETL selection and device engineering are critical for advancing photovoltaic technology.
The study provides valuable insights for the design of next-generation organic solar cells.