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Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
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Class III antiarrhythmic drugs are a group of medications that can prolong action potentials in the heart. They achieve this by blocking potassium channels or enhancing inward currents from sodium channels. However, these drugs have a unique property of "reverse use-dependence," which is most pronounced at slower heart rates and can lead to torsades de pointes—a specific type of arrhythmia. However, it is essential to note that excessive QT interval prolongation—a measure of...
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Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
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Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

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Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
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Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Live Imaging of Antifungal Activity by Human Primary Neutrophils and Monocytes in Response to A. fumigatus
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Levoketoconazole.

Nicole K McCartney1, Danial E Baker1

  • 1Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.

Hospital Pharmacy
|September 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Formulary Monograph Service provides monthly drug monographs for Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees, aiding in drug evaluation and utilization. Subscribers receive online access to detailed and summary monographs, plus drug utilization evaluations.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Information Services
  • Health-System Pharmacy

Background:

  • Pharmacy & Therapeutics (P&T) Committees require timely and accurate drug information.
  • Evaluating new and investigational drugs is crucial for formulary management.
  • Effective drug utilization reviews (DURs) are essential for safe and cost-effective medication use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce The Formulary Monograph Service as a resource for P&T Committees and healthcare professionals.
  • To highlight the comprehensive nature of the monthly monograph updates.
  • To emphasize the value of integrated drug evaluation tools.

Main Methods:

  • The service delivers 5-6 detailed monographs on new or late-phase III drugs monthly.
  • Summary monographs for pharmacy and nursing in-services are also provided.
  • Each subscription includes a comprehensive drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE).

Main Results:

  • Subscribers gain online access to all provided monographs.
  • Monographs are customizable to specific healthcare facility needs.
  • Selected reviews are published in cooperation with Hospital Pharmacy.

Conclusions:

  • The Formulary Monograph Service offers a robust solution for drug information needs.
  • It supports informed decision-making for P&T Committees and clinicians.
  • The service facilitates efficient formulary management and medication use evaluation.