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Intra-Subject Variability, Intelligence, and ADHD Traits in a Community-Based Sample.

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Intra-subject variability (ISV) predicts attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits and fluid intelligence (gf). This relationship remains consistent across the spectrum of ADHD traits.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Intra-subject variability (ISV) reflects response time inconsistencies.
  • Understanding ISV's role in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is crucial for diagnostics.
  • Fluid intelligence (gf) is a key cognitive ability often impacted by ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the predictive validity of ISV for ADHD traits.
  • To examine the stability of the ISV-fluid intelligence (gf) relationship across ADHD severity.
  • To explore specific parameters of reaction time tasks in predicting ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ex-Gaussian and Drift-Diffusion Model (DDM) parameters from simple choice-reaction-time tasks.
  • Analyzed age-residualized data from 426 participants (8-18 years).
  • Employed Multiple-Group Analyses and Latent Moderated Structural Equations.

Main Results:

  • Ex-Gaussian parameters (σ, μ) and DDM parameters (v, a) predicted general ADHD traits.
  • The parameter τ specifically predicted attention difficulties.
  • Across the ADHD continuum, σ and v significantly predicted gf.

Conclusions:

  • Confirmed a significant link between ISV and ADHD traits.
  • The relationship between ISV and gf is stable across the ADHD continuum.
  • ISV parameters offer predictive validity for ADHD and its cognitive correlates.