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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Operative Technique and Nuances for the Stereoelectroencephalographic SEEG Methodology Utilizing a Robotic Stereotactic Guidance System
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[Epilepsy surgery seems underutilized in Sweden].

Ulrika Sandvik1, Lisa Gordon2, Marita Englund3

  • 1med dr, överläkare i neurokirurgi, Karolinska universitetssjukhuset Solna.

Lakartidningen
|September 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Epilepsy surgery is an effective treatment for drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Pre-surgical evaluation is crucial, and referrals for this work-up need to increase, especially in Sweden.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Drug-resistant focal epilepsy requires advanced treatment considerations.
  • Epilepsy surgery offers a viable therapeutic option for carefully selected patients.
  • The pre-surgical evaluation process is complex and multidisciplinary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of considering epilepsy surgery for drug-resistant focal epilepsy.
  • To outline the comprehensive pre-surgical evaluation process.
  • To address the apparent underutilization of epilepsy surgery in Sweden.

Main Methods:

  • Multidisciplinary team assessment including neurologists, neurosurgeons, and neuropsychologists.
  • Utilizing advanced diagnostic tools such as 3 Tesla MRI, ictal video-EEG, and MEG.
  • Considering invasive monitoring and various surgical interventions like resections, ablations, and neurostimulation.

Main Results:

  • Epilepsy surgery demonstrates effectiveness in appropriately selected patient cohorts.
  • The pre-surgical evaluation involves detailed medical history, seizure semiology, and neuroimaging.
  • Specialized tests like nTMS, fMRI, PET, and SPECT may be employed.

Conclusions:

  • Epilepsy surgery is an evidence-based and effective treatment for specific epilepsy cases.
  • Increased referrals for epilepsy surgery work-up are necessary to optimize patient care.
  • The multidisciplinary approach ensures thorough patient selection for surgical intervention.