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Related Concept Videos

Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Electroencephalography Network Indices as Biomarkers of Upper Limb Impairment in Chronic Stroke
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Upper-Limb Amputation Disrupts the Interhemispheric Structural Rather than Functional Connectivity.

Kexu Zhang1, Chaowei Wu1, Yuanyuan Lyu1

  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Brain Connectivity
|September 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Upper-limb amputation leads to degeneration in interhemispheric structural connectivity, not functional connectivity. This structural change is linked to amputation side and residual limb pain intensity.

Keywords:
amputation sidecorpus callosuminterhemispheric connectivityresidual limb painupper-limb amputation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Upper-limb amputation causes sensory deprivation, leading to sensorimotor cortex reorganization.
  • This reorganization suggests alterations in interhemispheric connections between brain hemispheres.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in interhemispheric functional and structural connectivity after upper-limb amputation using fMRI and DTI.
  • To explore the relationship between these connectivity changes, amputation side, and residual limb pain.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 22 upper-limb amputees and 15 healthy controls for MRI scans.
  • Measured diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of corpus callosum (CC) subregions and resting-state functional connectivity (FC) between sensorimotor cortices.
  • Utilized linear mixed models to analyze the impact of amputation, side, and pain on connectivity.

Main Results:

  • Upper-limb amputees exhibited reduced axial diffusivity (AD) in CC subregions II and III compared to controls.
  • Dominant hand amputation correlated with microstructural changes in CC subregion III.
  • Residual limb pain was associated with decreased fractional anisotropy and AD in the CC, correlating with pain intensity.
  • No significant alterations in interhemispheric functional connectivity were detected.

Conclusions:

  • Interhemispheric structural connectivity, not functional connectivity, degenerates post-upper-limb amputation.
  • Degeneration of structural connectivity is associated with the side of amputation and residual limb pain severity.
  • Findings reveal the structural basis for observed bilateral functional reorganization after amputation.