Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata with low-grade malignant change: A case report

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is a rare disease characterized by multiple leiomyomas spread all over the peritoneal cavity. It is commonly described as benign in women of reproductive age. Malignant LPD is much rarer.

We present a case of LPD with low potential malignant change in a 43-year-old female, who felt a lump in her abdomen after laparoscopic myomectomy 10 years ago and laparoscopic hysterectomy 8 years ago. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and salpingectomy, greater omentectomy, and pelvic and abdominal mass resection were performed during the surgery. The pathological findings revealed LPD with low potential malignant change, with strong expression of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. The patient refused oophorectomy and chose gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists injection postoperatively.

No recurrence was found during the follow-up to date.

Surgery is the main treatment for LPD, and endocrine therapy is another choice. Although it is reported mostly benign, we need to be alert to the possibility of malignancy.