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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Related Experiment Video

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Fruit Volatile Analysis Using an Electronic Nose
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Olfactory visualization sensor system based on colorimetric sensor array and chemometric methods for high precision

Weidong Xu1, Yingchao He1, Jiaheng Li1

  • 1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Meat Science
|September 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a novel olfactory visualization system using a colorimetric sensor array to detect beef freshness. The system accurately assesses beef quality, helping to prevent foodborne illness and reduce societal costs.

Keywords:
BeefChemometric methodColorimetric sensors arrayFreshness assessmentOlfactory visualization

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • Beef spoilage leads to foodborne illnesses and significant economic losses.
  • Accurate and rapid detection of beef freshness is crucial for public health and food safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel olfactory visualization system for assessing beef freshness.
  • To utilize colorimetric sensor arrays and chemometric methods for objective freshness evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Immobilization of 12 color-sensitive materials on a hydrophobic platform to capture beef volatile compounds.
  • Application of machine vision algorithms and principal component analysis (PCA) for scent fingerprint extraction and dimensionality reduction.
  • Construction of four machine learning models (k-NN, ELM, SVM, Random Forest) for freshness prediction based on TVB-N and TVC values.

Main Results:

  • The support vector machine (SVM) model demonstrated superior prediction accuracy.
  • SVM achieved 95.83% precision in the training set and 95.00% in the prediction set.
  • The olfactory visualization system proved effective in evaluating beef freshness.

Conclusions:

  • The developed olfactory visualization sensor system offers a rapid, robust, and accurate method for assessing beef freshness.
  • This technology has the potential to significantly improve food safety monitoring in the beef industry.
  • Objective assessment of beef quality can be achieved through integrated sensor and chemometric approaches.