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Related Concept Videos

Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

393
Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
393
Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

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Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Synthesis and Operation of Fluorescent-core Microcavities for Refractometric Sensing
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Injectable, dispersible polysulfone-polysulfone core-shell particles for optical oxygen sensing.

Kayla F Presley1, Fan Fan2, Nicole M DiRando1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 116 W 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Journal of Applied Polymer Science
|September 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Injectable optical oxygen sensors were created using electrospraying. These rapid-response sensors, made from polysulfone nanoparticles, enable real-time oxygen monitoring within the body.

Keywords:
Coaxial electrosprayingbiosensorscore-shell microparticlesdispersionmetalloporphyrinoxygen sensingsurfactant

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Injectable sensors are crucial for monitoring biomedical information in response to injury or disease.
  • Optical oxygen sensors require luminescent molecules in high surface-area polymeric matrices for rapid response times.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop injectable, oxygen-sensing particles using electrospraying.
  • To create core-shell polysulfone nanoparticles containing a phosphorescent oxygen-sensitive palladium porphyrin species.

Main Methods:

  • Electrospraying of polysulfone with a palladium porphyrin core.
  • Utilizing dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent for particle formation.
  • Characterization using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Uniform, sub-micron core-shell polysulfone particles were successfully produced.
  • Confirmed oxygen sensitivity and core-shell structure via TIRF microscopy.
  • Achieved rapid dissolved oxygen response times (<0.30 s) suitable for real-time monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Electrospraying is an effective method for creating injectable optical oxygen sensors.
  • The developed nanoparticles offer rapid and continuous real-time oxygen monitoring capabilities.
  • These sensors demonstrate potential for improved biomedical information retrieval from the human body.