Effect of various malocclusion on maximal bite force- a systematic review

Area of Science:

• Dental Science
• Orthodontics
• Biomechanics

Background:

• Molar bite force (MBF) is a critical indicator of oral health and function.
• Dental malocclusion, a deviation from normal dental and skeletal relationships, can potentially impact MBF.
• Understanding the relationship between malocclusion and MBF is essential for diagnosis and treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and evaluate the variation in molar bite force (MBF) based on the type and severity of dental malocclusion in young adults with permanent dentition.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted across seven electronic databases up to December 31, 2021.
• Eight clinical studies involving subjects with permanent dentition and quantifying maximal bite force were included after reviewing 1898 articles.
• Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa scale, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE.

Main Results:

• A positive correlation was observed between Class I normal occlusion and bite force compared to Class II and III malocclusions.
• Patients with unilateral crossbite exhibited reduced bite force.
• Molar bite force was found to be higher in males than females across six studies.

Conclusions:

• Molar bite force significantly decreases with vertical and transverse craniofacial and dental discrepancies.
• Normal sagittal occlusion demonstrates greater molar bite force than various malocclusions.
• Molar bite force is higher in males and increases with age.