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Continental flood basalts drive Phanerozoic extinctions.

Theodore Green1,2, Paul R Renne3,4, C Brenhin Keller1

  • 1Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are strongly linked to Phanerozoic faunal turnover, suggesting a causal relationship. This research quantitatively shows that continental flood basalts, through magma degassing, are a primary driver of mass extinctions.

Keywords:
carbon cyclemass extinctionspaleontologyvolcanology

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Area of Science:

  • Geoscience
  • Paleontology
  • Geochronology

Background:

  • Radiometric dating reveals apparent correlations between large igneous provinces (LIPs) and Phanerozoic faunal turnover.
  • Previous discussions of this correlation have been largely qualitative, lacking quantitative testing for chance occurrence.
  • Alternative extinction mechanisms have been proposed for many mass extinctions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess the likelihood of chance temporal correlations between continental LIPs and Phanerozoic faunal turnover.
  • To investigate a potential causal relationship between continental flood basalts and extinction events.
  • To explore LIP magma degassing as a primary kill mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative analysis of temporal correlations between continental LIPs and faunal turnover events.
  • Statistical testing to determine if observed correlations exceed chance expectations.
  • Examination of the relationship between LIP eruptive rates, extinction magnitudes, and correlation strength.

Main Results:

  • The temporal correlation between continental LIPs and Phanerozoic faunal turnover is statistically significant and unlikely to occur by chance.
  • The correlation is stronger for LIPs with higher estimated eruptive rates.
  • The relationship is more pronounced for stage boundaries with higher extinction magnitudes.

Conclusions:

  • Continental LIPs are a major, direct driver of Phanerozoic extinctions.
  • LIP magma degassing, potentially involving the release of elements like S, Cl, and F, is suggested as a primary kill mechanism.
  • The findings support a causal link between continental flood basalts and mass extinctions.