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A Real-World High-Intensity Interval Training Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Improvement
Published on: February 22, 2022
Effects of high-intensity interval training on health-related quality of life in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A
Ashley L Artese1, Andrea Sitlinger2, Grace MacDonald3
1Duke University Aging Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Insights
High-intensity interval training and resistance training (HIIT+RT) improved functional well-being and lymphoma symptoms in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. This 12-week program shows promise for enhancing quality of life in those with CLL.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Exercise Physiology
- Health Psychology
Background:
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a prevalent, incurable cancer impacting quality of life.
- Patients face risks of disability, frailty, and complications affecting health-related quality of life (HRQOL).
- Exercise interventions like HIIT and RT may mitigate these issues, but their impact on CLL HRQOL is unexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the effects of a 12-week combined high-intensity interval training and resistance training (HIIT+RT) program on HRQOL in treatment-naïve CLL patients.
Main Methods:
- A pilot study involving non-randomized assignment to either a 12-week HIIT+RT intervention or a control group.
- HIIT+RT protocol: 3 weekly HIIT sessions and 2 weekly RT sessions.
- HRQOL assessed pre- and post-intervention using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lymphoma (FACT-Lym) questionnaire.
Main Results:
- The HIIT+RT group showed significant improvements in functional well-being (FWB) with a large effect size (ES=1.38).
- Clinically meaningful improvements were observed in the HIIT+RT group for total FACT-Lym, FWB, FACT-G, and the lymphoma-specific subscale (LymS).
- The control group exhibited meaningful changes only in LymS.
Conclusions:
- A 12-week HIIT+RT intervention demonstrates significant potential for improving functional well-being, general well-being, and lymphoma-specific symptoms in CLL patients.
- The findings support the use of HIIT+RT as a beneficial exercise strategy for enhancing HRQOL in CLL.
- Further investigation with a larger, randomized trial is warranted to confirm these promising results.
Introduction:
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common incurable leukemia/lymphoma in the United States. Individuals with CLL are at risk for disability, frailty, and cancer-specific complications that negatively affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL). High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and resistance training (RT) are safe and feasible for individuals with chronic diseases and when combined, they may be beneficial for reducing cancer-related fatigue, symptom burden, and global quality of life. However, no studies have examined the impact of HIIT or RT on HRQOL in CLL. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week HIIT and RT (HIIT+RT) intervention on HRQOL in adults with treatment naïve CLL.
Materials And Methods:
Changes in HRQOL was a secondary outcome in this pilot study. Individuals with CLL (63.9 ± 8.5 yrs) were non-randomly assigned to 12 weeks of HIIT+RT or a control group. The HIIT+RT protocol consisted of three 30-min sessions/week of HIIT and two sessions/week of RT. The control group maintained usual daily activities. We assessed pre and post HRQOL using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lymphoma (FACT-Lym) questionnaire with domains of physical (PWB), social (SWB), emotional (EWB), functional (FWB), and general (FACT-G) well-being as well as a lymphoma-specific subscale (LymS). We used a two-way mixed analysis of variance to assess changes in HRQOL. We calculated effect size (ES) using Cohen's d.
Results:
Fifteen participants (HIIT+RT: n = 9; Control: n = 6) completed the study and questionnaire. Scores for FWB improved following HIIT+RT (21.7 ± 3.4 to 23.9 ± 3.2; ES = 1.38) compared to controls (25.7 ± 2.2 to 25.7 ± 2.3). The HIIT+RT group experienced clinically meaningful improvements in total FACT-Lym, FWB, FACT-G, and LymS. The control group had clinically meaningful changes only in LymS.
Discussion:
The large effect sizes and clinically meaningful improvements associated with 12 weeks of HIIT+RT support the potential benefits of this type of exercise program for FWB, lymphoma-specific symptoms, and general well-being in CLL. A future randomized trial with an adequately powered sample size is needed to evaluate these findings.
Trial Registration:
NCT04950452.
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