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Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage Tropism by Sequence Analysis using a Genotypic Approach
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Polygenic Risk Scores for Prediction of Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency

Isabella C Schoepf1,2,3, Christian W Thorball4,5, Helen Kovari6

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|September 13, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are linked to subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Combining genetic and nongenetic factors offers the best prediction for CAD in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Genetics
  • HIV Medicine

Background:

  • People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD).
  • The association between polygenic risk scores (PRS) and subclinical CAD in people with HIV (PWH) is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between PRS and subclinical CAD in PWH.
  • To determine if genetic risk factors improve CAD risk prediction in PWH.

Main Methods:

  • Subclinical CAD was defined by coronary CT angiography findings (plaque characteristics or coronary artery calcium scores).
  • Genome-wide PRS for CAD, carotid intima-media thickness, and longevity were validated in 345 Swiss HIV Cohort Study participants.
  • Associations between PRS, nongenetic risk factors, and subclinical CAD were assessed using logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • CAD-associated PRS and IMT-associated PRS were significantly associated with subclinical CAD (soft, mixed, or high-risk plaque and high coronary artery calcium scores).
  • Individuals with unfavorable CAD-PRS had significantly higher odds of subclinical CAD.
  • Adding CAD-PRS to nongenetic risk factors improved the prediction of subclinical CAD.

Conclusions:

  • Individual CAD-associated PRS are independently associated with subclinical CAD in people with HIV.
  • A combined model of nongenetic and genetic cardiovascular risk factors provides the most effective prediction of subclinical CAD in PWH.
Abstract

Keywords:
HIV infectionagingmultivariable analysispolygenic risk scoresubclinical coronary artery disease

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