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Long COVID in children and adolescents
Terence Stephenson1, Roz Shafran1, Shamez N Ladhani2
1UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|September 13, 2022
Summary
Long COVID symptoms in children and young people are less common than initially feared, with most symptoms similar to those in uninfected peers. However, cognitive issues, headache, and smell loss may persist post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric infectious diseases
- Longitudinal health outcomes
- Epidemiology of viral infections
Background:
- Acute COVID-19 is generally milder in pediatric populations compared to adults.
- Concerns exist regarding persistent symptoms and long COVID in children and adolescents.
- Defining the clinical phenotype and risk factors for long COVID in youth is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young people.
- To identify factors associated with increased risk of long COVID in pediatric populations.
- To emphasize the need for robust research methodologies, including control groups, for accurate assessment.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of recent studies.
- Comparison of symptom prevalence between SARS-CoV-2 positive cases and control groups.
- Identification of demographic and clinical factors associated with persistent symptoms.
Main Results:
- Recent studies with control groups indicate a lower prevalence of persistent symptoms in children and young people post-SARS-CoV-2.
- The frequency of most reported persistent symptoms is similar between infected and uninfected children.
- A small but significant increase in persistent cognitive difficulties, headache, and loss of smell was observed in infected children.
Conclusions:
- Control groups are essential for accurately assessing the prevalence of long COVID in pediatric populations.
- Standardized case definitions are needed for consistent research on long COVID outcomes in youth.
- Further research is required to fully understand the long-term health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young people.
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