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Physicians' perspectives on Extreme Risk Protection Orders (ERPOs) in the clinical setting: Challenges and
Ashley Hollo1, Amy VanderStoep1, Shannon Frattaroli2
1Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
Insights
Physicians in Maryland support Extreme Risk Protection Orders (ERPO) as a tool to prevent gun violence. Key barriers include time and awareness, with education and specialist support proposed as solutions.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Clinical Medicine
- Legal Policy
Background:
- Firearm-related injuries represent a significant public health and clinical challenge in the U.S.
- Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO) laws offer a civil court pathway to temporarily remove firearms from individuals posing a risk to themselves or others.
- Maryland pioneered authorizing clinicians to initiate ERPO petitions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore Maryland physicians' views on the effectiveness of clinicians as ERPO petitioners.
- To identify barriers encountered by clinicians in utilizing ERPO laws.
- To gather insights on potential improvements for ERPO implementation in clinical settings.
Main Methods:
- Semi-structured interviews were conducted with physicians in Maryland.
- Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used for participant recruitment.
- Deductive content analysis was applied to coded interview transcripts.
Main Results:
- Physicians generally viewed ERPO as a valuable gun violence prevention tool in clinical practice.
- Identified barriers included administrative burdens (paperwork, court time), limited clinician awareness of ERPO, potential impact on therapeutic alliances, and perceived futility.
- Suggested solutions involved clinician education, virtual court testimony options, and dedicated ERPO specialist consult services.
Conclusions:
- Physicians expressed a need for increased knowledge regarding ERPO laws, highlighting education as crucial for effective implementation.
- Addressing physicians' concerns is vital to enhance their efficiency and effectiveness as ERPO petitioners.
- Improving ERPO implementation can strengthen its role in clinical gun violence prevention strategies.
Background:
Firearm-related injuries remain a heavy public health and clinical burden in the United States. Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO) laws, which create a path through a civil court process to temporarily remove firearms from individuals deemed to be at risk of harming themselves or others and are one strategy designed to reduce firearm violence. Maryland was the first state to authorize clinicians as ERPO petitioners.
Objective:
We aim to document a sample of Maryland physicians' perspectives about the utility of, any barriers to, and other thoughts on clinicians as ERPO petitioners.
Design:
A series of semi-structured interviews with Maryland physicians identified through a combination of purposive and snowball sampling. We coded the transcribed interviews and analyzed the coded transcripts for themes using deductive content analysis.
Setting/Participants:
13 Maryland-based physicians interviewed over Zoom in and around Baltimore City, Maryland.
Results:
The interviewees had overall positive feedback about ERPO as a gun violence prevention tool in the clinical setting. They identified several barriers to effective implementation such as time spent on paperwork and in court, a lack of awareness among clinicians about ERPO, threats to therapeutic alliance, and a sense of futility in a culture where firearms are easy to obtain. Solutions such as providing clinician education about ERPO laws, allowing for virtual court testimony, and creating a consult service with ERPO specialists to manage ERPO petitions were discussed.
Limitations:
This study includes a small sample of Maryland-based physicians.
Conclusions:
The physicians we interviewed expressed interest in knowing more about ERPO laws and emphasized education as an important tool for improving implementation. Addressing physicians' concerns about ERPO implementation will improve their ability to be effective and efficient petitioners.
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