Phylogenetic analysis and screening of elite cultivated Ganoderma strains in China

Ganoderma cultivation has a long history in China, with Ganoderma lingzhi, now taxonomically recognized as G. sichuanense, being the primary cultivated species. Cultivation spans a wide range of climatic zones, from tropical to frigid regions. However, the use of diverse strains across regions has led to significant variability in growth traits and quality. To screen high-quality strains applicable to large-scale cultivation, we collected and evaluated 18 Ganoderma strains from core cultivation regions across Northeast, Central, Southwest and South China; this sampling panel covering the primary genetic and geographical diversity of cultivated Ganoderma nationwide. Species identification using both morphological and molecular methods revealed that 11 strains belonged to G. sichuanense, while 7 were identified as G. sessile. These results indicate that some strains currently cultivated as G. sichuanense may actually represent G. sessile, highlighting the importance of accurate species identification in cultivation practices. Growth evaluation showed that G. sessile strains generally exhibited shorter growth cycles than G. sichuanense strains, suggesting differences in growth performance interspecific. Chemical composition analysis showed that strain HZ-PJ (a strain of G. sichuanense) had the highest polysaccharide content (12.72 mg/g) and strongest DPPH antioxidant activity (3.0 μmol Trolox/g) among all tested strains. In contrast, strain HZ-TS (a strain of G. sessile) exhibited the highest levels of triterpenoids (12.2 mg/g) and flavonoids (10.0 mg/g). Collectively, strains HZ-PJ (G. sichuanense) and HZ-TS (G. sessile) combine favorable growth rates, high bioactive compound contents, and strong antioxidant potential, showing preliminary potential for standardized cultivation in northeastern China. It should be noted that this evaluation is only based on indoor culture assessments, and additional multi-location field trials focusing on yield stability, disease resistance and biological efficiency are still required to verify their commercial cultivation suitability. This study provides a systematic framework for strain evaluation and practical guidance for mushroom growers to select high-quality Ganoderma strains with stable agronomic traits and prominent functional activity.