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Opioid-Sparing Anesthesia: Gabapentin and Postoperative Pain.

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  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Paso Del Norte Surgical Center, El Paso, TX.

Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing : Official Journal of the American Society of Perianesthesia Nurses
|September 13, 2022
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Gabapentin effectively reduces postoperative pain and opioid use, enhancing patient satisfaction. Further research with diverse samples and rigorous methods is recommended for comprehensive understanding.

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gabapentinopioid-sparing techniqueperianesthesia nursingpostoperative pain

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology and Pain Management
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Nonopioid analgesics are crucial for perioperative pain management, often augmenting or replacing opioids.
  • Gabapentin, an anticonvulsant, demonstrates analgesic properties and can mitigate postoperative nausea and vomiting.
  • Perianesthesia nurses require guidance on optimal timing and administration of gabapentin, especially with concurrent sedative medications.

Approach:

  • A systematic review was conducted, searching CINAHL, PubMed, and Cochrane Review databases.
  • Ninety-three sources were initially identified, with four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting inclusion criteria.
  • The primary outcome measured was postoperative pain within 24 hours of surgery using the visual analog scale.

Key Points:

  • Three of the four RCTs found gabapentin significantly reduced postoperative pain, both statistically and clinically.
  • All four studies indicated a reduction in opioid consumption in the immediate postoperative period.
  • Reduced opioid use correlated with improved patient satisfaction.

Conclusions:

  • Gabapentin shows promise in managing postoperative pain and decreasing opioid reliance.
  • Further investigation with robust methodology and diverse participant selection is warranted.
  • Enhanced understanding can optimize gabapentin's role in multimodal perioperative analgesia.