Predictive Model for Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure

Although many studies have been conducted to examine predictors of quality of life (QoL), little information exists on the real-world application of Rector's conceptual model for QoL related to heart failure (HF).

In this study, we aimed to examine a hypothetical model of QoL based on Rector's conceptual model for QoL in relation to HF and the existing literature on patients with HF.

Using a cross-sectional survey, 165 patients with HF were recruited from an outpatient clinic in Korea. Data were collected based on Rector's model constructs, such as cardiac function, symptoms, functional limitation, depression, distress, and QoL. Left ventricular ejection fraction for cardiac function was measured using echocardiography.

Functional limitation, depression, and distress, but not symptoms, had a direct effect on QoL (all Ps < .001). Cardiac function and symptoms directly affected functional limitation (β = 0.186, P = .004, and β = -0.488, P = < .001, respectively), whereas cardiac function, symptoms, and depression affected QoL through functional limitation and distress.

These results confirm that the Rector's model is suitable for predicting QoL in patients with HF. These findings have potential to guide and inform intervention programs designed to alleviate symptoms in patients with HF, enhance their physical functioning, and moderate their psychological distress with the ultimate goal of improving their QoL.