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Cold weather and myocardial infarction.

C P Thakur, M P Anand, M P Shahi

International Journal of Cardiology

|July 1, 1987

Summary

Cold weather significantly increases myocardial infarction (heart attack) risk. Lowering outdoor temperatures below 16°C correlated with higher heart attack incidence, suggesting cold exposure is a direct risk factor.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Environmental Health
Epidemiology

Background:

Myocardial infarction (heart attack) is a leading cause of mortality.
Environmental factors like temperature may influence cardiovascular events.
Previous research on cold weather and heart attacks has yielded mixed results.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the correlation between ambient air temperature and the incidence of myocardial infarction (heart attack).
To determine if seasonal or monthly variations affect heart attack rates.
To identify specific temperature thresholds associated with increased myocardial infarction risk.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 1217 myocardial infarction (heart attack) cases admitted to Patna Medical College Hospital between 1979 and 1983.
Correlation of myocardial infarction (heart attack) incidence with daily minimum air temperature, seasons, and months.
Statistical analysis to assess the significance of temperature variations on disease frequency.

Main Results:

No significant monthly or seasonal variations in myocardial infarction (heart attack) incidence were observed.
A statistically significant increase in myocardial infarction (heart attack) frequency was found when minimum air temperature dropped to 16°C or below (P < 0.001).
The study identified a direct relationship between low ambient temperatures and elevated heart attack rates.

Conclusions:

A decrease in atmospheric temperature below a specific threshold directly elevates the incidence of myocardial infarction (heart attack).
Cold exposure is a significant environmental risk factor for myocardial infarction (heart attack).
Simple preventive measures against cold exposure are recommended to mitigate the risk of heart attacks.

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