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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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COVID-19 and Kidney Disease.

Maureen Brogan1, Michael J Ross1,2

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA;

Annual Review of Medicine
|September 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

COVID-19 can harm kidneys, causing acute injury and worsening chronic kidney disease. Patients with severe kidney disease face higher mortality and require careful COVID-19 treatment adjustments.

Keywords:
COVID-19ESKDKFRTSARS-CoV-2chronic kidney diseasedialysisend-stage kidney diseasekidneykidney failure requiring replacement therapykidney transplant

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • COVID-19 is linked to acute kidney injury (AKI) and can worsen chronic kidney diseases (CKDs).
  • While SARS-CoV-2 kidney cell infection is reported, its causal role in kidney disease remains uncertain.
  • Impaired renal perfusion and immune dysregulation are key drivers of kidney injury in COVID-19 patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of COVID-19 on kidney health.
  • To discuss the challenges in managing COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing kidney conditions.
  • To highlight the need for tailored therapeutic strategies for this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on COVID-19 and kidney disease.
  • Analysis of clinical data regarding COVID-19 outcomes in patients with varying degrees of kidney function.
  • Examination of pharmacological considerations for treating COVID-19 in individuals with kidney impairment.

Main Results:

  • Patients with chronic kidney disease, particularly those on kidney replacement therapy or post-transplant, exhibit significantly higher COVID-19 mortality.
  • Exclusion of severe kidney disease patients from clinical trials necessitates extrapolation of treatment protocols.
  • Specific COVID-19 medications require dose adjustments or avoidance in patients with compromised kidney function.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 poses a significant threat to individuals with kidney disease, increasing mortality risk.
  • Current therapeutic guidelines for COVID-19 may not be optimal for patients with kidney conditions.
  • Further research is crucial to establish effective prevention and treatment strategies for COVID-19 in the context of kidney disease.