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Related Concept Videos

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II

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The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
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Decision Making01:20

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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Factors Affecting Illness01:18

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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
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Classification of Illness01:17

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The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
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Nursing Diagnosis01:22

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Following assessment, a nursing diagnosis is the next step in the nursing process. It begins after the nurse has collected and recorded the patient data. The purpose of diagnosing is to identify how the client responds to actual or potential health processes, identify factors that bestow or that cause health problems, the etiologies, and identify resources or strengths the individual, group, or community can draw on to prevent or resolve problems.
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Dimensions of Health and Illness01:21

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The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 28, 2025

An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
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Disease and decision.

Kirsten E Smith1

  • 1Real-world Assessment, Prediction, and Treatment Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
|September 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This personal narrative explores addiction, recovery, and the impact of the "disease" label. It highlights the heterogeneity of addiction experiences and questions the implications of the brain disease model.

Keywords:
AddictionBrain disease model of addictionHeroinLived experienceStigma

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction research
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • The author details a personal history of heroin addiction, contrasting a highly functioning life with severe consequences.
  • Sustained remission for over a decade is achieved, yet the author acknowledges ongoing substance use (alcohol) and the possibility of a 'diseased' brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diversity of lived experiences in drug use, addiction, and recovery.
  • To examine the real-world consequences and potential stigmatization arising from the brain disease model of addiction.
  • To advocate for accessible, scientifically informed treatment irrespective of diagnostic labels.

Main Methods:

  • Personal narrative and lived experience as a qualitative research method.
  • Critical analysis of the 'brain disease' model of addiction.
  • Reflection on the social and legal implications of addiction labels.

Main Results:

  • The author identifies as 'recovered' rather than 'in recovery,' emphasizing self-assessment over clinical labels.
  • Social and legal consequences (criminal record) are deemed more salient than hallmarks of chronic brain disease.
  • The potential for labels, even clinical ones, to be pernicious and contribute to stigmatization is discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Personal narratives offer valuable insights into addiction, complementing academic debates.
  • The heterogeneity of addiction experiences necessitates a nuanced understanding beyond a singular disease model.
  • Clinicians and researchers must critically evaluate the implications of conceptualizing addiction as a disease, advocating for label-free, needs-based care.