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Impact of Innate Immunity, Endothelial Damage, and Metabolic Biomarkers on COVID-19 Severity and Mortality

Joseph M Rocco1, Paola Laghetti2,3, Mariantonietta Di Stefano4

  • 1National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|September 16, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involves myeloid activation and endothelial damage. However, metabolic biomarkers like irisin and leptin show a protective effect, suggesting a link to metabolic predisposition.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic Research
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Severe COVID-19 is linked to immune dysregulation.
  • Endothelial damage is a key feature of severe COVID-19.
  • Metabolic factors may influence COVID-19 severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between immune markers, endothelial damage, and metabolic biomarkers in COVID-19.
  • To elucidate the immunopathogenesis of severe COVID-19.
  • To identify potential protective factors against severe COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of myeloid activation markers.
  • Assessment of endothelial damage indicators.
  • Quantification of metabolic biomarkers (irisin, leptin).

Main Results:

  • Abnormal myeloid activation, endothelial damage, and innate immune markers correlated with severe COVID-19.
  • Higher levels of irisin and leptin were associated with a protective effect.
  • Data support a model of COVID-19 immunopathogenesis involving inflammation and endothelial damage in metabolically predisposed individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Immune dysregulation and endothelial damage are critical in severe COVID-19.
  • Metabolic biomarkers like irisin and leptin may offer protection.
  • Metabolic predisposition plays a role in COVID-19 severity and immunopathogenesis.

Keywords:
COVID-19endothelial damageinflammationmetabolic biomarkers

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