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[Oncological theranostics in nuclear medicine].

Christina Laschinsky1, Ken Herrmann2, Wolfgang Fendler2

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Theranostics combines radioactive nuclides with ligands for cancer diagnosis and therapy. This approach is established in thyroid cancer and expanding to other cancers like prostate and neuroendocrine tumors, offering targeted treatment with fewer side effects.

Keywords:
Neuroendocrine tumorsPositron emission tomography computed tomographyProstateRadioligand therapyThyroid gland

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear medicine
  • Oncology
  • Radiopharmaceutical therapy

Background:

  • Theranostics leverages radioactive nuclides and targeting ligands for combined diagnostic and therapeutic applications in oncology.
  • Radioiodine therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer is a well-established theranostic application, utilizing gamma radiation for imaging tumor uptake.
  • Emerging applications include neuroendocrine tumors, castration-resistant prostate cancer, and fibroblastic tumors, showcasing the expanding utility of theranostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the theranostic principle and its applications in oncology.
  • To highlight current and emerging uses of theranostics in various cancer types.
  • To discuss the imaging and therapeutic modalities involved in theranostic approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the theranostic principle and its clinical applications.
  • Discussion of imaging techniques, including hybrid imaging (PET/CT, PET/MRI) with beta-plus (β+) emitters.
  • Exploration of therapeutic applications using beta-minus (β-) and alpha (α) emitters.

Main Results:

  • Theranostics is a key principle in nuclear medicine and oncology.
  • Radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer is a prime example of successful theranostics.
  • Hybrid imaging and targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy are advancing cancer treatment, offering potential for reduced side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Theranostics offers a powerful paradigm for personalized cancer diagnosis and treatment.
  • The expanding applications and evolving technologies in theranostics promise improved patient outcomes.
  • Targeted delivery of radiation via theranostic agents enables effective cancer management with potentially lower toxicity.