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Imaging of Microcephaly.

Chukwudi Okafor1, Sangam Kanekar1

  • 1Radiology Research, Division of Neuroradiology, Penn State Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Mail Code H066 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.

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|September 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microcephaly, a smaller head circumference, is defined by occipitofrontal circumference measurements below average. It is a finding, not a diagnosis, with diverse causes.

Keywords:
Congenital cytomegalovirusMicrocephalyMicrocephaly primary hereditary (MCPH)Microcephaly with simplified gyral pattern (MSGP)MicrolissensephalyZika virus infection

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neurology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Microcephaly is commonly defined by occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) measurements.
  • Severe microcephaly is defined as OFC less than three standard deviations below the average.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define microcephaly and its classifications.
  • To highlight that microcephaly is a finding, not a diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized standard definitions for microcephaly based on occipitofrontal circumference (OFC).
  • Categorized etiologies of microcephaly.

Main Results:

  • Microcephaly is defined as an OFC less than two standard deviations below the mean for age and sex.
  • Severe microcephaly is defined as an OFC less than three standard deviations below the mean.
  • Microcephaly is a secondary finding with numerous potential causes.

Conclusions:

  • Microcephaly is a descriptive finding with varied etiologies.
  • Etiologies can be prenatal or postnatal, genetic or environmental, congenital or acquired.