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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 28, 2025

The Dyspepsia Educational Tool As a Novel Aid in Dyspepsia Management
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Improving surgical patient education materials using informational design with visual elements.

Teressa A Duong1, Lauren T Gleason2, Kara Kichler1

  • 1The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, United States.

American Journal of Surgery
|September 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patient education materials (PEMs) are often too complex for patients. Integrating the C.A.R.P. graphic design technique into surgical PEMs enhances clarity and patient understanding for better surgical outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Graphic Design in Healthcare
  • Patient Communication

Background:

  • Patient education materials (PEMs) are crucial for surgical patient and family understanding but frequently written above recommended reading levels.
  • Low health literacy is linked to poor surgical outcomes, highlighting the need for improved patient education.
  • Surgeons face challenges in conveying complex surgical information effectively to patients pre- and post-operatively.

Discussion:

  • Visual aids are vital for enhancing PEM efficacy, but their design must be intentional for clear communication.
  • The C.A.R.P. (Contrast, Alignment, Repetition, Proximity) graphic design technique offers a framework for improving visual aid effectiveness.
  • Integrating C.A.R.P. principles into surgical PEMs can significantly enhance information clarity and patient comprehension.

Key Insights:

  • Most current surgical patient education materials exceed recommended readability levels, hindering patient understanding.
  • Effective visual aid design is paramount for clear communication in patient education.
  • The C.A.R.P. graphic design technique provides a structured approach to optimizing visual aids within surgical PEMs.

Outlook:

  • Further research should evaluate the impact of C.A.R.P.-enhanced PEMs on patient comprehension and surgical outcomes.
  • This framework can be adapted for various surgical specialties to improve patient education.
  • Developing universally understandable patient education materials is essential for health equity in surgery.