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Polysomnography findings in preschool children with obstructive sleep apnea are affected by growth and developmental

Chen Lu1, Chen Sun1, Yingpeng Xu1

  • 1Department of ENT, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|September 18, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Preschool children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and abnormal growth (stunted or excessive) experience worse sleep and more severe breathing issues. Stunted growth is particularly linked to more severe OSA complications.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Child Development
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder in children.
  • Growth and development are crucial factors in pediatric health.
  • The interplay between OSA and growth patterns in preschoolers requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how growth and development levels influence polysomnography findings in preschool children diagnosed with OSA.
  • To compare sleep structure, respiratory events, and oxygenation in OSA patients with restricted, normal, and excessive growth.

Main Methods:

  • Selected preschool children (ages 3-6) diagnosed with OSA via polysomnography.
  • Categorized participants into three groups based on growth rates: restricted, normal, and excessive.
  • Analyzed sleep structure, respiratory event indices (e.g., AHI, OAHI), and oxygenation parameters.

Main Results:

  • 183 children (111 boys, 72 girls) were analyzed, with 26 in the growth-restricted group, 112 in the normal group, and 45 in the overgrowth group.
  • Growth-restricted children exhibited poorer sleep efficiency, higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI), and hypoventilation compared to the normal growth group.
  • The overgrowth group showed lower minimum oxygen saturation during REM sleep and higher mean heart rate than the normal group.

Conclusions:

  • Preschoolers with OSA and either stunted or excessive growth are at higher risk for more severe sleep-disordered breathing.
  • Stunted growth in conjunction with OSA appears to exacerbate the disorder's severity and associated complications.
Abstract

Keywords:
Growth and developmentOSAPolysomnographyPreschooler

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