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Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults

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Published on: February 25, 2022

Athrocentesis: What, When, and Why?

Dorrit W Nitzan¹, Hadas Lehman Naaman²

¹Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.

Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America

|September 18, 2022

Summary

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrocentesis, a simplified procedure, effectively treats localized pain and limited movement. It offers insights into TMJ disorders and guides surgical intervention decisions.

Keywords:

Anchored disc phenomenon Arthrocentesis Osteoarthritis Temporomandibular joint

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopy, introduced in the 1970s, paved the way for minimally invasive TMJ treatments.
TMJ arthrocentesis emerged in the 1990s as a simplified, cost-effective alternative to arthroscopy, performed under local anesthesia.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of TMJ arthrocentesis in treating various TMJ disorders.
To explore the role of arthrocentesis in understanding TMJ pathogenetic mechanisms and guiding treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

Arthrocentesis, a minimally invasive procedure involving joint lavage and lysis, performed with load control, physiotherapy, and occlusal hazard elimination.
Analysis of clinical outcomes for conditions including closed lock, anchored disc phenomenon, osteoarthritis, and inflammatory diseases.

Main Results:

Arthrocentesis demonstrated high efficiency in treating localized TMJ pain and limited motion, particularly closed lock and the anchored disc phenomenon.
The procedure enhanced understanding of TMJ lubrication, disc displacement pathogenesis, and led to the development of bio-lubricants and intra-articular pressure-reducing appliances.

Conclusions:

TMJ arthrocentesis is a valuable, cost-effective first-line intervention for specific TMJ disorders, offering diagnostic and therapeutic benefits.
It serves as a crucial indicator for the necessity of further surgical intervention in the TMJ disorder treatment cascade.