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Updated: Aug 28, 2025

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
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In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

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Costimulation blockade and Tregs in solid organ transplantation

Moritz Muckenhuber1, Thomas Wekerle1, Christoph Schwarz2

  • 1Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Frontiers in Immunology
|September 19, 2022
PubMed

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in maintaining self-tolerance and in containing allo-immune responses in the context of transplantation. Recent advances yielded the approval of the first pharmaceutical costimulation blockers (abatacept and belatacept), with more of them in the pipeline. These costimulation blockers inhibit effector cells with high clinical efficacy to control disease activity, but might inadvertently also affect Tregs. Treg homeostasis is controlled by a complex network of costimulatory and coinhibitory signals, including CD28, the main target of abatacept/belatacept, and CTLA4, PD-1 and ICOS. This review shall give an overview on what effects the therapeutic manipulation of costimulation has on Treg function in transplantation.

Keywords:
CTLA4 IgIL-2Treg - regulatory T cellcostimulationcostimulation blockadeimmunosuppressanttransplantation

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