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Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Non-invasive In Vivo Fluorescence Optical Imaging of Inflammatory MMP Activity Using an Activatable Fluorescent Imaging Agent
Published on: May 8, 2017
Avian Inflammatory Markers
Raquel M Walton1, Andrea Siegel2
1IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., 216 Delmar Street, Philadelphia, PA 19128, USA.
Abstract:
Inflammation represents a fundamental response to diverse diseases ranging from trauma and infection to immune-mediated disease and neoplasia. As such, inflammation can be a nonspecific finding but is valuable as an indicator of pathology that can itself lead to disease if left unchecked. This article focuses on inflammatory biomarkers that are available and clinically useful in avian species. Inflammatory biomarkers are identified via evaluation of whole blood and plasma and can be divided into acute and chronic, with varying degrees of specificity and sensitivity. Evaluation of multiple biomarkers may be necessary to identify subclinical disease.
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