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Pulmonary Dysfunction after Pediatric COVID-19.

Rafael Heiss¹, Lina Tan¹, Sandy Schmidt¹

¹From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.).

|September 20, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Low-field MRI reveals persistent lung dysfunction in children and adolescents after COVID-19 infection, including those with long COVID. This imaging technique can identify ventilation-perfusion mismatches, indicating ongoing pulmonary issues.

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Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

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Published on: February 17, 2023

Area of Science:

Radiology and Imaging Science
Pediatric Pulmonology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Long COVID (post-COVID-19 condition) is less frequent in pediatric populations compared to adults.
Low-field-strength MRI, utilizing morphologic and functional imaging, shows promise in detecting persistent lung abnormalities post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate morphologic and functional lung parenchyma changes using low-field-strength MRI in children and adolescents with post-COVID-19 condition.
To compare imaging findings between pediatric patients with and without long COVID and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional clinical trial involving low-field-strength MRI was conducted from August to December 2021.
Participants included children and adolescents with a history of COVID-19 (recovered or with long COVID) and healthy controls.
Primary outcome: frequency of morphologic changes; Secondary outcomes: MRI-derived ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) parameters, clinical symptoms, and serologic data.

Main Results:

A total of 54 post-COVID-19 participants (29 recovered, 25 with long COVID) and 9 healthy controls were analyzed.
Significantly lower ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) match was observed in both recovered (62%) and long COVID (60%) groups compared to healthy controls (81%).
V/Q match decreased progressively with longer time elapsed since COVID-19 infection, with the lowest match (41%) observed beyond 360 days post-infection.

Conclusions:

Low-field-strength MRI effectively demonstrates persistent pulmonary dysfunction in pediatric populations following COVID-19 infection, irrespective of symptom duration.
The study highlights the utility of functional MRI in identifying subtle ventilation-perfusion abnormalities indicative of ongoing lung sequelae in children and adolescents.