Preoperative Planning Using Three-dimensional Printing for Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery: A Technical Note

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Orthopedic Surgery
• Medical Technology

Background:

• Transforaminal full-endoscopic spine surgery (TF-FESS) is a minimally invasive technique demanding precise anatomical knowledge and surgical skill.
• Preoperative planning is crucial for the safety and efficacy of TF-FESS.
• Three-dimensional (3D) printing applications in surgery are growing, but its use in FESS has not been reported.

Observation:

• This study explored the utility of 3D printing for preoperative planning in two cases of severe lumbar deformities requiring TF-FESS.
• 3D printing provided surgeons with a tangible, life-size model for visualizing complex anatomy.
• The technology facilitated detailed planning of the superior articular process drilling for foraminoplasty.

Findings:

• Preoperative 3D printing models allowed for accurate visualization and strategic planning of surgical corridors.
• The use of 3D printing enabled a successful foraminoplasty in complex cases.
• The cost-effectiveness of 3D printing for surgical planning was demonstrated, with equipment costing approximately $900 and models under $10 per patient.

Implications:

• 3D printing offers a valuable, low-cost tool for enhancing preoperative planning in TF-FESS.
• Adoption of 3D printing can improve surgical safety and efficiency in complex spine procedures.
• This technology has the potential to become a standard component of preoperative planning for endoscopic spine surgery.