Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

77
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
77
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

23.0K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
23.0K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

983
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
983
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

21.7K
The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
21.7K
Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

131
The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
131
Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

105
Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
105

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dimer asymmetry in signaling of blue light sensor histidine kinases.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Multimodal control of Cas13d activity through domain insertion at an allosteric hotspot.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Fate of isoprene peroxy radical constrains the urban photochemical regime.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Comparative Impacts of Freight and Non-truck Traffic on NO <sub><i>x</i></sub> and Ozone Concentrations in the Los Angeles Basin.

ACS ES&T air·2026
Same author

Selection and Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Binding Clickmers.

Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology·2026
Same author

Nursing Professional Identity: Facilitators and Influencers Among Nurses in Practice.

The Journal of nursing administration·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy to Observe Essential Processes During Microbial Cell Growth
07:28

Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy to Observe Essential Processes During Microbial Cell Growth

Published on: November 24, 2017

16.0K

Light-Dependent Control of Bacterial Expression at the mRNA Level.

Américo T Ranzani1, Markus Wehrmann1, Jennifer Kaiser1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.

ACS Synthetic Biology
|September 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed new optogenetic systems, pCrepusculo and pAurora, for precise control of bacterial gene expression using blue light. These systems leverage the light-oxygen-voltage receptor (PAL) and RNA aptamers for light-induced gene regulation.

Keywords:
RNA bindinggene expressionlight-oxygen-voltageoptogeneticssensory photoreceptortranslational control

More Related Videos

Light-Controlled Fermentations for Microbial Chemical and Protein Production
08:37

Light-Controlled Fermentations for Microbial Chemical and Protein Production

Published on: March 22, 2022

4.2K
A Fast and Reliable Pipeline for Bacterial Transcriptome Analysis Case study: Serine-dependent Gene Regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae
10:18

A Fast and Reliable Pipeline for Bacterial Transcriptome Analysis Case study: Serine-dependent Gene Regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Published on: April 25, 2015

10.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy to Observe Essential Processes During Microbial Cell Growth
07:28

Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy to Observe Essential Processes During Microbial Cell Growth

Published on: November 24, 2017

16.0K
Light-Controlled Fermentations for Microbial Chemical and Protein Production
08:37

Light-Controlled Fermentations for Microbial Chemical and Protein Production

Published on: March 22, 2022

4.2K
A Fast and Reliable Pipeline for Bacterial Transcriptome Analysis Case study: Serine-dependent Gene Regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae
10:18

A Fast and Reliable Pipeline for Bacterial Transcriptome Analysis Case study: Serine-dependent Gene Regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Published on: April 25, 2015

10.5K

Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Optogenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Photoreceptors enable light-controlled cellular processes in optogenetics.
  • The light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) receptor PAL interacts with RNA aptamers upon blue-light illumination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel optogenetic systems for precise up- and down-regulation of bacterial gene expression using blue light.
  • To create compact, single-plasmid systems with high dynamic range and low basal activity.

Main Methods:

  • Development of pCrepusculo and pAurora systems based on the PAL-aptamer interaction.
  • Embedding responsive aptamers within the ribosome-binding sequence of target genes.
  • Integration of RNA-level control with DNA-level regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated blue-light-inducible downregulation (pCrepusculo) and upregulation (pAurora) of gene expression.
  • Achieved stringent blue-light responses with low basal activity and up to 10-fold dynamic range.
  • Engineered the pEnumbra system for tunable gene expression (upregulation and shutoff) based on blue-light intensity.

Conclusions:

  • The PAL-aptamer system offers a versatile tool for light-controlled gene expression in bacteria.
  • These systems enable the design of complex optogenetic circuits with emergent properties by combining DNA and RNA regulation.
  • The developed systems have broad applications in biotechnology and synthetic biology for controlling RNA-based processes.