Robust and quantitative characterization of aircraft icing with mode and frequency selective ultrasonic guided wave

The aircraft flight safety and efficiency are largely affected by the aircraft icing, whose characterization is of great significance to guiding the de-icing operation. This study targets a robust and quantitative characterization of icing with ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) of selective frequency-mode pair. Firstly, the frequency domain finite element (FDFE) model is developed to quantitatively analyze the reflection, transmission, and mode conversion of UGW with icing aluminum plate of different lengths and thickness, in order to pick the UGW with appropriate frequency-mode pair sensitive to icing. With the candidate UGW frequency-mode pair, the time domain finite element (TDFE) analysis is further performed to validate the effectiveness of FDFE and to optimize the pulse duration cycle for icing detection. Finally, based on the performed FDFE and TDFE analysis, experimental icing characterization is carried out with the UGW of the selected frequency-mode pair. Results show that the selected UGW at (1239 kHz, mode A1) with ice (0.5 mm thick) has achieved a high detection sensitivity based on the time-of-flight and good robustness against the random error, showing the great potential for the application of UGW to aircraft icing characterization.