Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Treatment in Cleft Palate Patients: Umbrella Review

Velopharyngeal insufficiency may occur as a result of an anatomical or structural defect and may be present in patients with cleft lip and palate. The treatment options presented in the literature are varied, covering invasive and non-invasive methods. However, although these approaches have been employed and their outcomes reviewed, no conclusions have been made about which approach is the gold-standard. This umbrella review aimed to synthesize the current literature regarding velopharyngeal insufficiency treatments in cleft lip and palate patients, evaluating their effectiveness based on systematic reviews. A standardized search was carried out in several electronic databases, namely PubMed via Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using AMSTAR2 and degree of overlap was analyzed using Corrected Covered Area. Thirteen articles were included in the qualitative review, with only 1 in the non-invasive method category, and 12 in the invasive method category. All reviewed articles were judged to be of low quality. In symptomatic patients, treatment did not solely comprise speech therapy, as surgical intervention was often necessary. Although there was no surgical technique considered to be the gold standard for the correction of velopharyngeal insufficiency, the Furlow Z-plasty technique and minimal incision palatopharyngoplasty were the best among reported techniques.