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Effect of Blood Flow on Cardiac Morphogenesis and Formation of Congenital Heart Defects

Fernando Trinidad1, Floyd Rubonal2, Ignacio Rodriguez de Castro1

  • 1Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
|September 22, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Abnormal blood flow during embryonic development is a key cause of congenital heart disease (CHD). Research highlights how hemodynamics impact heart formation, leading to CHD in newborns.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Embryology

Background:

  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects approximately 1% of newborns, with multifactorial causes.
  • Proper heart and vascular development in embryos critically depends on blood flow (hemodynamics).
  • Aberrant blood flow is a significant factor contributing to the development of CHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of hemodynamics in heart development from embryonic to fetal stages.
  • To elucidate how abnormal blood flow, independently, can cause CHD.
  • To review avian models for studying hemodynamic influences on heart development.

Main Methods:

  • Emphasis on avian models for in vivo hemodynamic interventions and imaging.
  • Analysis of studies linking embryonic blood flow patterns to heart development.
  • Review of existing literature on hemodynamics and CHD causation.

Main Results:

  • Hemodynamics play a crucial role throughout embryonic and fetal heart development.
  • Abnormal blood flow patterns are demonstrated to be a sole cause of CHD.
  • Avian models provide valuable insights due to their recapitulation of human heart defects.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the impact of hemodynamics is vital for comprehending CHD etiology.
  • Further research is recommended to fully elucidate the contribution of blood flow to CHD.
  • Investigating blood flow's role, alone or with other factors, is key to preventing CHD.

Keywords:
biofluid mechanicscardiac hemodynamicscongenital heart diseaseheart developmentmechanotransduction

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