Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Knowledge Attitude and Practices on African Animal Trypanocide Resistance

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Public Health
• Parasitology

Background:

• African animal trypanocide resistance (AATr) is a growing public health concern in developing nations.
• Disjointed drug use and policy decisions exacerbate the AATr crisis.
• Existing treatments like diminazene aceturate (DA), isometamidium chloride (ISM), and homidium bromide (HB) have been available for over 30 years without new alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify community factors contributing to the development of AATr.
• To understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of farmers regarding trypanocide use.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of eight relevant studies published between 1806 and June 2022.
• Data extraction and analysis using PRISMA checklist guidelines.
• Calculation of risk ratios and inverse variance with 95% confidence intervals using RevMan®.

Main Results:

• Diminazene aceturate (DA) is the most frequently used trypanocide in West and East Africa.
• Poor farmer knowledge of AATr and limited drug availability are primary drivers of resistance.
• Suboptimal practices including improper administration, dosing, preparation, and use of untrained personnel contribute significantly to AATr.

Conclusions:

• AATr is widespread in developing countries due to inadequate community knowledge and poor drug-use practices.
• Interdisciplinary collaboration within endemic communities is essential to promote effective treatments and responsible drug handling.
• Addressing these factors can help reverse the trend of trypanocide resistance.