Targeted fortification with human milk analysis: An opportunity for innovation

Human milk's variable macronutrient composition is a necessary consideration when caring for very low birthweight infants. Targeted fortification is the practice of fortifying human milk using its known composition from human milk analysis, rather than its assumed macronutrient values. Utilization of human milk analyzers to measure the protein, fat, lactose, and energy composition within human milk samples has allowed the translation of this practice into the clinical setting. This review discusses the rationale of why targeted fortification is an important practice, what barriers exist in its implementation in the clinical setting, and what research gaps remain to be addressed.