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Convergence of Password Guessing to Optimal Success Rates.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)ยท2020
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Reconfigurable Microfluidic Channel with Pin-discretized Sidewalls
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Guessing PINs, One Partial PIN at a Time.

Ashley Sheil1, David Malone1

  • 1Department of Mathematics and Statistics and the Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, R51 A021 Co. Kildare, Ireland.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzes strategies for guessing partial personal identification numbers (PINs). Effective guessing methods can recover a PIN within tens to hundreds of attempts, highlighting security vulnerabilities.

Keywords:
PINsguessingpartial PINspartial passwords

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Cybersecurity
  • Information Security

Background:

  • Personal identification numbers (PINs) are a common authentication method.
  • Partial PIN schemes, which request digits from random positions, are a variant used to enhance security.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze and quantify the security strength of partial PIN authentication schemes.
  • To develop and evaluate strategies for guessing PINs when a partial PIN system is in use.

Main Methods:

  • Development of several guessing strategies for partial PINs.
  • Assumption that organizations assign PINs randomly and request random positions.
  • Utilizing analytic methods and simulations to assess strategy performance across various PIN and subset sizes.

Main Results:

  • Identified effective strategies for guessing partial PINs.
  • Demonstrated that successful PIN recovery is achievable within tens to hundreds of guesses.
  • Performance analysis explored the impact of PIN length and requested subset size on guessing success.

Conclusions:

  • Partial PIN schemes may offer a false sense of security.
  • The analyzed guessing strategies present a significant threat to the confidentiality of PINs.
  • Further research into robust authentication mechanisms is warranted to counter these vulnerabilities.