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3D Numerical Simulation and Structural Optimization for a MEMS Skin Friction Sensor in Hypersonic Flow.

Huihui Guo1,2, Xiong Wang3, Tingting Liu1

  • 1School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.

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Summary

Micro-Electromechanical System (MEMS) skin friction sensors are crucial for hypersonic vehicle research. This study develops computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to analyze sensor structure effects on measurement accuracy, providing design criteria for improved performance.

Keywords:
3D modelsCFDfriction measurement accuracylaminar flowskin friction sensorturbulent flow

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Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Skin friction significantly impacts hypersonic vehicle performance, accounting for up to 50% of total resistance.
  • Micro-Electromechanical System (MEMS) sensors offer high sensitivity and stability for hypersonic wind tunnel experiments.
  • Sensor structure can alter flow fields, compromising skin friction measurement accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of MEMS sensor-sensitive structures on hypersonic flow characteristics.
  • To analyze the impact of sensor design on skin friction measurement accuracy in both laminar and turbulent flows.
  • To establish design criteria for MEMS skin friction sensors to enhance measurement precision.

Main Methods:

  • Development of two-dimensional and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for MEMS skin friction sensors.
  • Verification of the sensor model using the Blasius solution for two-dimensional laminar flow, achieving <0.4% error.
  • Systematic analysis of sensor structure influence on friction measurement accuracy under laminar and turbulent flow conditions using 3D models.

Main Results:

  • The CFD sensor model accurately represents flow physics, validated against the Blasius solution.
  • The sensor's sensitive structure significantly influences wall-flow characteristics and friction measurement.
  • Identified specific design rules for the sensor-sensitive unit to improve measurement accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate skin friction measurement in hypersonic flows necessitates careful consideration of MEMS sensor design.
  • CFD modeling provides a robust method for analyzing sensor-flow interactions and optimizing sensor geometry.
  • The derived design criteria are essential for developing next-generation MEMS skin friction sensors for advanced aerodynamic testing.