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Related Concept Videos

Bioplastics01:27

Bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...

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Polyhydroxybutyrate Rice Hull and Torrefied Rice Hull Biocomposites.

Zach McCaffrey1, Andrew Cal2, Lennard Torres1

  • 1Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA.

Polymers
|September 23, 2022
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Summary

Raw rice hulls (RRH) enhanced polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) composites more than torrefied rice hulls (TRH). RRH composites showed improved mechanical properties and better filler-matrix adhesion due to RRH

Keywords:
biodegradableparticle matrix compositeplastic compositepolyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)rice hullstorrefaction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Biocomposites

Background:

  • Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable polymer with potential applications in sustainable materials.
  • Incorporating natural fibers as fillers can enhance PHB's properties, but compatibility issues often arise.
  • Rice hulls are an abundant agricultural waste product suitable for use as a filler material.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of raw rice hulls (RRH) and torrefied rice hulls (TRH) as fillers on the properties of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) composites.
  • To compare the performance of RRH-PHB and TRH-PHB composites produced via extrusion and injection molding.
  • To understand the relationship between filler treatment, particle-matrix adhesion, and composite mechanical performance.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of PHB composites with RRH and TRH fillers using extrusion and injection molding.
  • Characterization techniques including particle size analysis, thermomechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR, CHNSO analysis, and mechanical testing.
  • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to assess filler-matrix interface morphology.

Main Results:

  • RRH composites exhibited a 16-22 °C higher heat distortion temperature compared to TRH composites.
  • RRH composites showed a 50-60% increase in flexural modulus and a 5% increase in stress at yield over neat PHB.
  • TRH composites displayed similar flexural modulus but a 24% decrease in stress at yield compared to PHB, with SEM revealing poor filler-matrix adhesion.

Conclusions:

  • Raw rice hulls (RRH) are superior fillers to torrefied rice hulls (TRH) for enhancing PHB composite properties.
  • Improved mechanical properties in RRH composites are attributed to better particle-matrix adhesion, likely due to more surface functional groups in RRH enhancing compatibility with polar PHB.
  • RRH-PHB composites represent a promising direction for developing sustainable and high-performance biomass-polymer materials.