Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

427
Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
427
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

1.5K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
1.5K
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

465
Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
465
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

356
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
356
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

210
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
210
Overview of Synapses01:25

Overview of Synapses

2.5K
A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...
2.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Intraoperative Urine Tests and STONE Score Predict Postoperative SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) After PCNL in Patients with Negative Preoperative Urine Culture.

International journal of general medicine·2026
Same author

Rethinking Alzheimer's Origins: Antimicrobial Amyloid and Tau Point to Potential Upstream Immune Triggers.

Neuroscience bulletin·2026
Same author

A prediction model based on tumor immune microenvironment for immunotherapy response in gastric cancer.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Duckweed (<i>Lemnaceae</i>) as a Functional Protein Ingredient in Koi Carp Diets: Species-Dependent Effects on Growth, Pigmentation, Antioxidant Status, and Gut Health.

Aquaculture nutrition·2026
Same author

Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Advanced Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Inflammatory-Nutritional Pathways as Mediators.

Mediators of inflammation·2026
Same author

Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of Vonoprazan-Amoxicillin Dual Therapy Versus Esomeprazole-Bismuth Quadruple Therapy for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>: A Propensity Score-Matched Study.

Microorganisms·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice
08:58

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Published on: June 19, 2019

9.9K

Changes in the cortical network during sleep stage transitions.

Yingjie Song1, Jiakai Lian1, Kejie Wang1

  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Journal of Neuroscience Research
|September 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cortical network interactions change dynamically during sleep stage transitions. These shifts, particularly during sleep deepening, reveal insights into sleep mechanisms and potential improvements for sleep quality.

Keywords:
EEGcortical interactioneffective connectivityphase transfer entropysleep stage transition

More Related Videos

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

10.1K
Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice
08:58

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Published on: June 19, 2019

9.9K
Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

10.1K
Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Sleep state transitions are crucial for sleep quality but poorly understood.
  • The dynamic changes in cortical network interactions during these transitions remain largely unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cortical network interactions change during short-term sleep stage transitions.
  • To analyze information flow between cortical regions across different sleep stages.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized overnight polysomnography in 40 healthy young adults.
  • Applied phase transfer entropy across six frequency bands from 16 electroencephalography (EEG) channels.
  • Compared cortical network activity during the initial and final 10 seconds of a 40-second transition period across wakefulness and sleep stages (N1, N2, N3, REM).

Main Results:

  • Different frequency bands showed distinct patterns during sleep stage transitions.
  • Sleep stage transitions were not always reciprocal; sleep deepening exhibited more significant network changes than awakening.
  • While regional inflow/outflow imbalances occurred, overall cortical interaction maintained a dynamic balance throughout sleep.

Conclusions:

  • Variations in cortical interactions during sleep stage transitions offer insights into sleep mechanisms and function.
  • Findings may guide strategies for improving sleep, such as reducing sleep onset latency and enhancing sleep depth.