Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States03:25

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

11.6K
The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
 
where R is the gas constant (8.314 J/K·mol), T is the absolute temperature in kelvin, and Q is the reaction quotient. This equation may be used to predict the spontaneity of a process under any given set of conditions.
Reaction Quotient...
11.6K
The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

24.3K
In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
24.3K
Internal Energy02:00

Internal Energy

30.0K
The total of all possible kinds of energy present in a substance is called the internal energy (U), sometimes symbolized as E. Suppose a system with initial internal energy, Uinitial, undergoes a change in energy (transfer of work or heat), and the final internal energy of the system is Ufinal. Change in internal energy equals the difference between Ufinal and Uinitial. 
30.0K
The Bohr Model02:18

The Bohr Model

62.3K
Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as...
62.3K
Energy Associated With a Charge Distribution01:21

Energy Associated With a Charge Distribution

1.6K
The work done to bring a charge through a distance r is given by the potential difference between the initial and the final position. To assemble a collection of point charges, the total work done can be expressed in terms of the product of each pair of charges divided by their separation distance, defined with respect to a suitable origin. Solving this expression gives the energy stored in a point charge distribution.
1.6K
The Nernst Equation02:59

The Nernst Equation

42.0K
Nonstandard Reaction Conditions
The interconnection between standard cell potentials and various thermodynamic parameters such as the standard free energy change ΔG° and equilibrium constant K has been previously explored. For example, a redox reaction involving zinc(II) and tin(II) ions at 1 M concentration with Eºcell = +0.291 V and ΔG° = −56.2 kJ is spontaneous.
42.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Differential Pathways Orchestrate Plasma-Cell Infiltration in Liver Autoimmunity Diseases.

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·2025
Same author

Monitoring the Energy of a Cavity by Observing the Emission of a Repeatedly Excited Qubit.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Antipsychotic prescribing and drug-related readmissions in multimorbid older inpatients: a post-hoc analysis of the OPERAM population.

International journal of clinical pharmacy·2024
Same author

Experimental Analysis of Energy Transfers between a Quantum Emitter and Light Fields.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Presence of ectopic germinal center structures in autoimmune hepatitis.

Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)·2023
Same author

3-O sulfation of syndecan-1 mediated by the sulfotransferase HS3ST3a1 enhances myeloma aggressiveness.

Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

14.9K

Energetics of a Single Qubit Gate.

J Stevens1, D Szombati1, M Maffei2

  • 1Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France.

Physical Review Letters
|September 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored energy flow during quantum gates using superconducting qubits. They found measurement backaction on the drive field can exceed energy extracted by the qubit, revealing a unique quantum energy dynamic.

More Related Videos

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
15:47

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Published on: November 1, 2013

16.4K
Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

14.9K
Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
15:47

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Published on: November 1, 2013

16.4K
Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Quantum Information Science
  • Superconducting Circuits

Background:

  • Quantum gates manipulate both qubit information and energy.
  • Understanding energy flow between qubits and controllers is crucial for quantum operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the energy flow between a superconducting qubit and its control field during a quantum gate operation.
  • To quantify the energy exchange and understand its relationship with measurement backaction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a superconducting qubit platform driven by a resonant microwave field.
  • Entangled the qubit with the drive pulse to create a quantum superposition of energy flows.
  • Measured the energy change in the drive field conditioned on projective qubit measurements.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that the energy change in the drive field due to measurement backaction significantly exceeds the energy extracted by the qubit.
  • Observed a quantum superposition between energy flows during the gate operation.
  • Characterized the energy dynamics in a driven superconducting qubit system.

Conclusions:

  • The energy dynamics of quantum gates are complex, involving entanglement between the qubit and control fields.
  • Qubit measurement backaction can induce substantial energy changes in the driving field.
  • The superconducting qubit can be viewed as a weak measurement device for the driving field's energy.