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Active Nematic Flows over Curved Surfaces.

Samuel Bell1, Shao-Zhen Lin2, Jean-François Rupprecht2

  • 1Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, UMR 168, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surface curvature in cell monolayers can alter tissue flows, potentially leading to thresholdless motion and new flow patterns like vortex chains. This research explores the biophysics of curved cell layers.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Epithelial tissues in vivo exhibit micron-scale curvature.
  • The influence of this curvature on spontaneous tissue flows remains poorly understood.
  • Cell monolayers are key model systems for studying tissue biophysics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a hydrodynamic theory for active nematic gels on curved surfaces.
  • To investigate how surface curvature affects monolayer motion compared to flat systems.
  • To identify factors controlling flow patterns in curved cell layers.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a hydrodynamic theory for an apical-basal asymmetric active nematic gel.
  • Analysis of the gel's behavior on a curved strip geometry.
  • Mathematical modeling to predict flow dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Surface curvature qualitatively alters monolayer motion relative to flat conditions.
  • Flows can become thresholdless, and transitions to motion may shift from continuous to discontinuous.
  • Surface curvature, friction, and active tractions collectively dictate selected flow patterns, including simple shear and vortex chains.

Conclusions:

  • Surface curvature is a critical factor influencing the dynamics of cell monolayers.
  • The theoretical framework provides insights into the emergence of complex flow behaviors in curved biological tissues.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for tissue biophysics and developmental biology.