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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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Microbiome analysis: An emerging forensic investigative tool.

Pallavi Kumari1, Poonam Prakash1, Shubham Yadav1

  • 1Department of Forensic Science, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India.

Forensic Science International
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Microbiome analysis offers powerful forensic insights, aiding in identifying bodily fluids, linking individuals to locations, and estimating time of death. This emerging tool enhances investigations where traditional methods fall short.

Keywords:
Forensic applicationsMicrobial ForensicsMicrobial diversityMicrobiomes

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Microbiology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Microbial diversity has been extensively studied in medicine and therapeutics.
  • Its application in forensic science is growing, especially when conventional methods are insufficient.
  • The human microbiome offers unique identifiers and contextual information for forensic investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multidimensional approaches to human microbiomes from a forensic perspective.
  • To highlight the potential of microbiomes as an emerging tool in forensic investigations.
  • To explore applications in individual identification, crime scene reconstruction, and evidence linkage.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on microbiome applications in forensics.
  • Analysis of how microbial communities in various samples (e.g., skin, soil, bodily fluids) can be utilized.
  • Examination of the influence of external factors (e.g., alcohol, narcotics) on microbial communities.

Main Results:

  • Human microbiome analysis can detect and attribute bodily fluid stains (saliva, vaginal).
  • Soil microbiome analysis can establish geographic origin and associate individuals/objects with locations.
  • Microorganisms aid in estimating time since death and detecting forensically relevant compounds.

Conclusions:

  • Microbiome analysis provides a powerful, emerging tool for forensic investigations.
  • Applications include individual variability assessment via skin microbiomes, crime scene reconstruction, and evidence-to-individual linkage.
  • Further exploration of microbiome potential in forensics is warranted.