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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Updated: Aug 27, 2025

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[Hemothorax].

Sumiko Maeda1

  • 1Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.

Kyobu Geka. the Japanese Journal of Thoracic Surgery
|September 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hemothorax, blood in the pleural space, requires prompt evaluation and management. Massive hemothorax may necessitate emergent thoracotomy for bleeding control.

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Area of Science:

  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Hemothorax involves blood accumulation in the pleural cavity, with varying severity.
  • Symptoms range from asymptomatic to life-threatening cardiac compromise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the causes, diagnostic work-up, and treatment strategies for hemothorax.
  • Emphasis on managing massive hemothorax requiring urgent surgical intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Initial trauma examination to assess bleeding and associated injuries.
  • Immediate thoracic tube drainage for massive or tension hemothorax.
  • Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) for identifying bleeding sources.

Main Results:

  • Etiologies include trauma, iatrogenic causes, and non-traumatic/non-iatrogenic factors.
  • Treatment involves circulatory support with transfusions and addressing anticoagulation.
  • Emergent thoracotomy is indicated for hemodynamically unstable massive hemothorax.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial for hemothorax patients.
  • Anterior-parasternal thoracotomy offers rapid access and visualization.
  • Endovascular therapy is an option when the bleeding source is identified via CT.