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Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory of development suggests that early childhood experiences significantly shape personality and behavior. Freud proposed that development is discontinuous, occurring in five distinct stages, each defined by a focus on different erogenous zones. He believed that failure to resolve the conflicts specific to each stage successfully could result in fixation, potentially influencing behavior as adults.
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Sexual Developmental Disorders in Pediatrics.

G Profeta1, G Micangeli1, F Tarani1

  • 1Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

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|September 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) require early identification and multidisciplinary care. Management has shifted towards watchful waiting, empowering patients in gender identity decisions.

Keywords:
Ambiguous genitaliadisorders of sex developmentgender assignmentgenetichormonal therapynewbornpediatriciansurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) are a diverse group of conditions affecting sex determination and differentiation.
  • DSD impact approximately 1 in 4,500 newborns.
  • Classification categorizes DSD based on karyotype (46 XX, 46 XY) or sex chromosomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Highlight the critical need for early DSD diagnosis in newborns.
  • Emphasize the pediatrician's pivotal role in clinical identification and family support.
  • Outline the diagnostic and evolving therapeutic approaches for DSD.

Main Methods:

  • Multidisciplinary team approach is essential for diagnosis.
  • Diagnostic tools include genetic analysis, imaging, and laboratory evaluations.
  • Management strategies have evolved from early intervention to watchful waiting.

Main Results:

  • Accurate early diagnosis is crucial for optimal patient care pathways.
  • Pediatricians are central to both clinical management and family support.
  • Therapeutic approaches are shifting towards patient-centered gender identity affirmation.

Conclusions:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis of DSD is paramount.
  • A multidisciplinary approach integrating genetic, imaging, and lab evaluations is necessary.
  • The evolving management of DSD prioritizes patient autonomy and informed decision-making regarding gender identity.