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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
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Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Overview of the Heart01:07

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The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's structure...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
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COVID-19 and the heart.

Roman Roy1, Benedict McDonaugh2, Kevin O'Gallagher1,3

  • 1Cardiovascular Department, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK.

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|September 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the cardiovascular system, increasing risks for patients with heart failure and leading to various complications. Further research is needed to understand long-term effects and variant impacts.

Keywords:
COVIDCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2heartlong Covidmyocarditis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • COVID-19 exhibits a complex, bi-directional relationship with the cardiovascular (CV) system.
  • Existing heart failure (HF) significantly elevates mortality risk in COVID-19 patients.
  • CV complications are common, including acute coronary syndromes, HF, arrhythmias, and myocarditis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of COVID-19's impact on the cardiovascular system.
  • To identify areas of consensus and controversy regarding CV complications and treatments.
  • To highlight emerging research areas and future directions for investigation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published research on COVID-19 and cardiovascular health.
  • Analysis of reported CV complications and outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
  • Synthesis of current evidence on therapeutic interventions and prognostic factors.

Main Results:

  • Pre-existing heart failure is a major risk factor for mortality in COVID-19.
  • Common CV complications include acute coronary syndromes, HF exacerbation, arrhythmias, and myocarditis.
  • Angiotensin system-targeting drugs appear safe and may offer prognostic benefits.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 poses significant risks to the cardiovascular system, particularly for those with pre-existing HF.
  • Vaccination-induced myocarditis remains a controversial topic requiring further investigation.
  • Long-term CV effects of COVID-19 and the impact of different variants are critical areas for future research.