[Degenerative cervical myelopathy]

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Neurosurgery
• Geriatrics

Background:

• Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of spinal cord dysfunction in adults, with increasing prevalence due to population aging.
• Delayed or missed diagnosis of DCM frequently leads to secondary neurological complications and long-term disability.
• The condition typically manifests as progressive neurological deterioration, encompassing motor, sensory, and sphincter dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

• To enhance awareness of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) and its rising incidence.
• To assist non-surgical healthcare professionals in the timely diagnosis and management of DCM.
• To provide guidance on the appropriate assessment and treatment strategies for DCM.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on the diagnosis, natural history, and management of DCM.
• Emphasis on the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and electrophysiological studies in assessing spinal cord damage.
• Clinical guidelines for patient referral, non-operative management, and surgical intervention.

Main Results:

• DCM diagnosis is often delayed, contributing to preventable neurological morbidity.
• Non-operative management is suitable for mild DCM with close monitoring and patient education.
• Surgical decompression is indicated for moderate to severe DCM to prevent further progression.

Conclusions:

• Timely referral to a spine surgeon is essential for all patients with suspected DCM.
• Asymptomatic individuals with spinal cord compression require structured follow-up rather than immediate surgery.
• Effective management of DCM hinges on early recognition and appropriate, tailored treatment strategies.