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Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster
Published on: January 7, 2013
Olivia S Mitchell1, Robert Clark2, Annamaria Lusardi3
1IFEBP Professor of Insurance/Risk Management & Business Economics/Policy, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Locust Walk, Steinberg Hall-Dietrich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
This study followed low-income individuals for 23 years, finding their incomes remained stable in retirement. However, Social Security and savings became more crucial as earnings declined with age.
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