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Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
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Related Experiment Video

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A Galvanotaxis Assay for Analysis of Neural Precursor Cell Migration Kinetics in an Externally Applied Direct Current Electric Field
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Direct modulation of microglial function by electrical field.

Anton Lennikov1,2, Menglu Yang1, Karen Chang1,2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|September 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Low-intensity electric stimulation (ES) directly modulates microglial function. A ramp waveform suppressed microglial motility, migration, and inflammatory responses without cytotoxicity, suggesting a novel anti-inflammatory therapy.

Keywords:
BV-2bulk RNA sequencingcell motilityelectric stimulationinflammationmicrogliaphagocytosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Non-invasive electric stimulation (ES) is explored for neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Effects of ES on glia, particularly microglia, remain poorly understood.
  • Investigating direct ES effects on microglial function is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if ES directly affects microglial function.
  • To identify specific ES waveforms that modulate microglial activity.
  • To explore ES as a potential anti-inflammatory therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized BV-2 murine microglial cell line.
  • Applied low-current ES with ramp, rectangular, and sine waveforms.
  • Assessed cell motility, migration, cytoskeleton, phagocytosis, and cytokine expression.
  • Employed immunostaining, scanning electron microscopy, cytokine arrays, qPCR, and transcriptome profiling.

Main Results:

  • Ramp waveform ES significantly suppressed BV-2 cell motility and migration without cytotoxicity.
  • ES reduced cytoskeleton reorganization, microvilli formation, and phagocytosis.
  • Ramp ES suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression.
  • Transcriptome profiling revealed suppressed LPS-induced genes related to motility, metabolism, and calcium signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Electric stimulation directly modulates microglial function, contrary to previous assumptions.
  • A specific ramp waveform of ES offers a direct method to suppress microglial inflammatory responses.
  • ES presents a promising new therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation.