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COVID-19 vaccination reduces mortality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Leszek Tylicki1, Bogdan Biedunkiewicz1, Ewelina Puchalska-Reglińska2

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland.

Frontiers in Medicine
|September 26, 2022
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 vaccination significantly reduces infection and death rates in hemodialysis patients. This study shows mRNA vaccines offer substantial protection against COVID-19 for individuals on maintenance hemodialysis.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) face a high mortality risk from COVID-19.
  • Assessing vaccine effectiveness in this vulnerable population is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in reducing COVID-19 incidence and fatality rates among hemodialysis patients.
  • To compare outcomes between vaccinated and unvaccinated HD patients during different pandemic waves.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, registry-based cohort study included adult HD patients in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.
  • Data were analyzed from the 2nd pandemic wave (unvaccinated cohort) and the 4th pandemic wave (vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts).
  • mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) with a two-dose schedule were administered from January to April 2021.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 incidence was significantly lower in the 4th wave (vaccinated) compared to the 2nd wave (unvaccinated) (6.9% vs. 27.2%).
  • Vaccination reduced COVID-19 incidence by 79% (IRR 0.21) when comparing vaccinated patients in the 4th wave to unvaccinated patients in the 2nd wave.
  • The fatality rate among fully vaccinated HD patients in the 4th wave was 6.7%, significantly lower than unvaccinated patients in the 2nd wave (29.5%) and unvaccinated patients in the 4th wave (11.1%).

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 vaccination demonstrates significant clinical effectiveness in hemodialysis patients.
  • Vaccination substantially lowers both the incidence of infection and the risk of death from COVID-19 in this high-risk group.

Keywords:
COVID-19fatality rateincidencemaintenance dialysisvaccination

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